Psychological Impact and Compliance with Staying at Home of the Public to COVID-19 Outbreak during Chinese Spring Festival.

In December 2019, COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan, China. Most of the studies related to the psychological impact and compliance with staying at home due to COVID-19 focused on ten days or one month after the initial "stay-at-home" phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. The early psychological impact and behavior change to COVID-19 during the Chinese Spring Festival (the start time for recommendations to stay at home) is uncertain. In this study, people from 23 provinces in China were recruited to participate in an online survey, using Credamo. Psychological impact and compliance with staying at home were evaluated by a self-designed and validated questionnaire. The results indicated that anxiety was the most often reported feeling (mean: 3.69), followed by sadness (mean: 3.63). Participants employed in foreign-owned companies were most likely to express anxiety and sadness. Overall, 61.8% of participants reported hardly going out, whereas 2.4% said they frequently went out during the initial "stay-at-home" phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants with higher levels of anxiety and sadness were most likely to stay at home against the spread of COVID-19, as were female gender. This survey is an important study of the first reaction to staying at home during the initial "stay-at-home" phase coinciding with Chinese Spring Festival. Our findings identified factors associated with higher level of psychological impact and better compliance with staying at home recommendations during Chinese Spring Festival. The findings can be used to formulate precaution interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups and high uptake of policy during the COVID-19 epidemic.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Oldenburg Burnout Inventory for Chinese nurses.

AIM: This study aims to develop a reliable and validate Chinese version of Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). DESIGN: A cross-sectional validation design was adopted in this study. METHODS: After obtaining the copyright by contacting with the author, the original English OLBI was developed to Chinese by forward translation, back-translation, cultural adaptation and a pre-test (20 nurses). The Chinese OLBI and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were administered to 641 clinical nurses during July and August, 2020. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α coefficient), split reliability (split half coefficient), construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis) and criterion validity (comparison with MBI, using Pearson correlation analysis) were assessed. RESULTS: The Chinese OLBI included 16 items. Exploratory factor analysis extracted two factors with a cumulative contribution of 62.245%. Two-dimensional structure (exhaustion and disengagement) was confirmed. It has good internal consistency (Cronbach's α coefficient values of 0.905, 0.933 and 0.876 for the total questionnaire, exhaustion dimension and disengagement dimension, respectively), split half reliability (split half coefficient = 0.883, p < .01) and criterion validity (r = 0.873, p < .01). Pearson coefficients between 16 items and the scale varied from 0.479-0.765. An acceptable model fit (χ2 /df = 2.49, RMSEA = 0.068, TLI = 0.906, CFI = 0.922, SRMR = 0.061) was achieved.